The Problem of Connectivity
It's 2025, and 2.6 billion people still lack internet connectivity. Traditional connectivity infrastructure cannot solve this problem. Undersea cables and cell towers cost billions, creating centralized monopolies that enable censorship and exclude low-income markets where the economics do not work.
Spacecoin is building on top of Creditcoin's Layer 1 blockchain and its eight years of work in facilitating over $100 million in loans to two million people in Africa. That field experience taught us that financial inclusion requires connectivity first. The infrastructure gap is the fundamental problem blocking billions from the digital economy.
Spacecoin's Innovative Solution
Spacecoin closes this gap through three core innovations: small satellite technology, blockchain coordination, and an open protocol that anyone can join.
Satellite Technology
Traditional satellites cost hundreds of millions to build and launch. Small satellites, the kind our network uses, cost a fraction of that and operate in low-Earth orbit, enabling low-latency connections. Each satellite covers approximately 1,000,000 km². CTC-0 proved reliable ground-to-satellite communication. CTC-1 (three satellites launching Q4 2025) will test inter-satellite handoffs and Proof of Location capabilities.
Blockchain Coordination
Independent satellite operators in our network and users will need a permissionless way of coordinating service delivery, payments, and network security. Our blockchain foundation will enable this through cryptographic proofs that verify data transmission and smart contracts that automate payments. We recently transmitted the world's first end-to-end blockchain transaction from Earth to space and back to Earth (Chile to Portugal 7,000km), validating that our technology works in real-life, orbital conditions.
Open Protocol
We will open-source our satellite and protocol design so governments, telecoms, and private operators can launch compatible satellites and join permissionlessly. Distributed infrastructure will enable pricing as low as $1-2 per user per month in target markets such as Nigeria, Indonesia, and India, something that is impossible with centralized networks that must recoup billions in capital.
Explore our small satellite technology and LEO advantages, or read our complete technical whitepaper.
Mission Milestones Achieved and Planned
Satellite Launched and Operating
- •CTC-0 deployed December 21, 2024, aboard Falcon 9 rocket (Bandwagon-2 mission).
- •8U CubeSat operating under FCC call sign WX9XKR.
- •Successfully transmitted the world's first end-to-end blockchain transaction through space.
- •Track the satellite live here.
- •Verify independently: SatNOGS | Skyrocket.
Next Launch Scheduled
- •CTC-1 constellation (three 16U CubeSats) launching Q4 2025 via Transporter-15 mission.
- •Will test inter-satellite handoffs and validate Proof of Location technology.
Patents Filed
- •Proof of Location: U.S. Patent No. 12335739 (granted June 17, 2025) - Solves GPS spoofing through trustless geospatial verification.
- •Read our Proof of Location explainer or view the complete patent document on Google Patents.
Key Partnerships
Aerospace Partners
- •EnduroSat: Satellite manufacturing partner for CTC-0 platforms.
- •Near Space Launch: Built the CTC-1 satellite bus.
- •Arrow Science and Technology: Launch integration partner for CTC-1, 350+ deployments via XTERRA systems.
- •CesiumAstro: Provides space-grade hardware components that form the foundation for our telecommunications systems.
- •Anderson Connectivity: Built and tested our radio payload assembly.
- •Reliasat: Developed ISL band converters and antennas.
- •DornerWorks: Systems engineering partner responsible for developing our flight software and integrating space-grade hardware into custom telecommunications nodes.
- •Snaju: Implemented and deployed our Mission Control Software and Ground Station Management System.
Blockchain Infrastructure Partners
- •Creditcoin: The Layer 1 blockchain powering Spacecoin's network. Creditcoin enables users to access the internet through buy-now-pay-later models and build credit profiles through their connectivity usage.
- •Sui & Walrus: Strategic partners for expanding the decentralized internet ecosystem with scalable applications and secure storage.
This is a dynamic list. We will continue updating as we add more strategic partners.
Team Credentials and Expertise
Spacecoin's mission requires expertise across three distinct and complex technologies: satellite technology, blockchain, and telecoms. Our team includes experts who've built these systems at scale.
- •Tae Oh, Founder: Creator of Creditcoin. Co-inventor of satellite-based Proof of Location and Velocity System. Proven track record solving systemic financial and digital exclusion in emerging markets.
- •Stuart Gardner, CEO: Executing Spacecoin's vision to create a decentralized connectivity network through R&D, satellite launches, and strategic partnerships. Deep tech investing and scaling experience.
- •Dr. Adam Wexler, Technical Director: PhD in Physics. Developed space-grade systems with ESA and NASA. Founded an engineering firm designing and manufacturing specialized hardware for the U.S. Air Force and satcom operators. Brings aerospace engineering expertise with 45+ peer-reviewed publications and three patents to his name.
- •General Wesley Clark, Military Advisor: Retired four-star general, former NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe. Strategic expertise in global infrastructure security, international relations, and deployment across complex geopolitical landscapes.
- •Prof Youngky Kim, Telecoms Advisor: Ex-President of Networks business at Samsung Electronics. Supplied infrastructure to operators serving hundreds of millions worldwide. IEEE Fellow with experience spanning 1G to 5G deployment. Brings telecommunications infrastructure and network architecture expertise.
Full team details are available on the Spacecoin website.
Join the Mission to Connect the Unconnected
You don't need to be an astronaut, engineer, or crypto expert to be part of this mission. The mission to Connect the Unconnected belongs to everyone. Here's how to join:
- •Follow Spacecoin on X for launch updates, technical milestones, and community activities.
- •Join our Telegram community to connect with fellow Spacecoin Cadets and participate in weekly community challenges.
- •Follow on Medium for technical deep dives and project updates.
The SPACE token launches soon, enabling you to participate directly in building internet infrastructure for 2.6 billion people. Stay tuned for details.